THE CONFEDERATION OF MADYA-AS AND THE GROWTH OF BORNEAN SETTLEMENTS

The settlements set up in Panay by the seven Bornean datus prospered. The datus divided the islands into three areas; (1) Hantik (now Antique), under Datu Sumakwel; (2) Irong-irong (now Iloilo), under Datu Paliburong; and (3) Aklan (now Aklan and Capiz), under Datu Bangkay. For mutual protection and for better administration, the three areas united themselves into a confederation under the overall rule of Datu Sumakwel, the wisest of the datus. This grouping was called the Confederation of Madya-as. As ruler, Sumakwel gave his people a set of written laws, known today as the Maragtas Code.

The decendants of these Bornean settlers of Panay spread to the surronding islands and founded new settlements there. The term Visayas, by which Panay and the islands near it are known today, was probably invented by these Bornean settlers who were Sri-Vijayans because there were subjects of the empire of Sri-Vijaya to the west of the Philippines.

Datus Dumangsil and Balensusa were also successful in their exploits. Some of their descendants occupied the fertile rergion Laguna de Bay. The others penetrated farther south and east across the mountains and settled in the Bicol Peninsula. They became the ancestors of the Bikolanos of today.

My 1st Blog Award

I got this award from Katelove's, ( Kate am so sorry just now i check my blog).She give this award to me last may 27, and just now i check my blog co'z am very busy now fixing all the problems of our internet cafe, our 14 PC here are always log and our internet connections are in and out same with our electric power on and off that causes our computer having problems.Also viruses. Just post this award quickly and I want to say thank you very-very much to you my dear Kate for giving this award to me. I really appreciate it. I'm very happy to know that you recognize me here. You just don't know how much it mean to me and you know this is really my 1st award. And I want to share and give this award to Madel, Sheng, Tricia, Ebook and Dhaqueen.

Friends Around The World

:Start Copy Here::

Rule:
1. Copy from ::Start Copy Here:: through ::End Copy Here::.
2. Add your blog to the list. Feel free to add all your other blogs. Just make sure to post this to each of the blog you added in the list.
3. Tag other online friends you know.You don’t need to be tag in order to join. If you want to join just post this one in your blog.
4. Let me know your blog’s name and url by leaving me a comment HERE. I will add you to the master list.That way, everyone is happy and can meet new friends too!
5. Come back once in a while to get the master list! Let’s see how this makes our Technorati and PR goes up!
6. DO NOT REMOVE THIS: scrap page made by Yen, using alphas and tapes from Kate H, flowers from Ida, paper by Catrine.

1. Me and Mine 2.Creative In Me 3.Little Peanut 4. Pea in a Pod 5. Sugar Magnolias 6.Because Life Is Fun 7. Piece o’Kaje 8. Mon a Bric 9. Celebrate Life 10.My Journey11. Deeply In Love 12. Pink and Brown Diaries 13. Happyheart 14. Wilstop 15. Fun|Fierce|Fab 116. The Nook 17. Dabawenyako 18. Life Away from Home 19. YOUR BLOG!

::End Copy Here::

Thanks for the tag, Yen! Now, I'm tagging Albert, Woman's Journey , Worlds of Love , What a World Truth Unedited, & You!

The ten Bornean Datus in Doing Business

The story of the buying of Panay by the ten Datus coming from Borneo is told in the Maragtas, a legendary account about pre-Spanish Panay Island. This narrative tells us that about A.D. 1250, at about the time Malaysia and Indonesia were dominated by the Hindu-Malay empire of Sri-Vijaya, a cruel sultan named Makatunaw ruled Borneo-or perhaps part of it. Because he was cruel, ten of his datus decided to leave Borneo and seek their freedom and fortune beyond the sea. These ten were Puti (the leader), Balensusa, Bangkaya, Dumalugdog, Dumangsil, Dumangsol, Lubay, Panduhinog, Paliburong, and Sumakwel.

One dark night after loading on boats thier families, warriors, slaves, and supplies, they secretly left in their balangays (boats) without a specific destination in mind. After sailing north for many days,they reached the southern tip of Panay Island. They landed at the mouth of the Sirwagan River there, near the present town of San Joaquin in Iloilo. from there they proceed ed to lake Andona were they met an ati fisherman. This man led them to the Negrito village of Sinugbuhan and were introduced to the local ruler, King Marikudo and his queen, Maniwantiwan. Datu Puti addressed them and said they came them as friends and would like to buy land.

Marikudo consulted his wife and the elders of his kingdom and agreed to sell some land to them. The purchase price consisted of a gold salakot (a native helmet)for Marikudo and a long gold sumangyad (necklace) for Maniwantiwan. The sell was sealed by a pact of friendship and merry feasting. After that, Marikudo and his people bade farewell to the Borneans and went into the hills.

Seven of the ten datus settled in Panay. The three others ---Balensusa, Dumangsil, and Puti sailed farther north and reached lake Taal, in present-day Batangas Province. Impressed by the fertility and scenic beauty of the area, Balensusa and Dumangsil setled there. Datu Puti, however,returned to Borneo. He told the Borneans about his exciting adventures in the Islands of the north.

The Malays Travels

The last immigrants from mainland Asia to reach the Philippines in prehistoric times were the Malays. They came to the country on sailboats called balangays. They came in three distinct migratory waves.

The first arrived about 200 B.C. and represented today 's head-taking Malays---the ancestors of the Bontocs, Ifugaos, Ilongots, Kalingas, Tinggians , and other head-chopping groups in Northern Luzon.

The second wave of Malay migration came after the christian era began and continued through the thirteenth century. Those who arrived in this migratory wave were the alphabet-using Malays and were the ancestors of the Tagalogs, Ilocanos, Pampangos, bicolanos, Visayans, and other christian Filipinos.

The third and last wave of Malay migration came in the fourteenth century and continued arriving up to the sixteenth century when the Spaniards reached Cebu. The Muslim Malays were in this third migratory wave, and their descendants became the Muslim of Mindanao and Sulu. Brown in complexion, the Malays were of medium height, had slender but hardy and supple bodies, straight black hair, dark brown eyes, and low noses. They had scanty beards and the hair covering their bodies was hardly noticeable.
In culture, the Malays were more advanced than the Pygmies and Indonesians, for their culture was of Iron Age. They introduce the following into the Philippines:
1. both the lowland and the upland methods of rice culture and an advanced system of irrigation;
2. the smelting, forging and manufactured of iron tools and weapons;
3. the art of weaving and pottery making;
4. the manufacture of beads, bracelets, and glass;
5. a system of government, law, religion and
6. writing the arts and the early sciences.
They decorated their bodies with intricate tattoo designs. They wear clothes of woven fabric and ornamented themselves with pearls, beads, glass, colored stones, and gold. They cultivate food crops, medicinal and ornamental plants, and fruit trees. They chewed betel nut and eat meat of domesticated animals, notably the carabao,the cat, the dog, the chicken, and the duck. Their weapons consist of the dagger, bolo, kris, spear, sumpit(blowgun), bow and arrow knife, lantaka(brass cannon), and shield and armor made of animal hide and hardwood.

IgB---High Colostrum Skim Milk

Got this tag from Kenali Saya thanks

Assalamualaikum and Salam Sejahtera.

Tagging : 4ever7; rjmarmol; mamichris; Boxlog
Colostrum is a pre-milk fluid secreted by mammalian mothers after giving birth during the first 24-36 hours of lactation.

Colostrum supplies immune factor and growth factor for whole life.

Since human colostrum is rare, we need to shift to other alternative like cow colostrum.

In fact, cow colostrum is safe and contains 4 times immune factor compared to human colostrum.
- A type of low-lactose milk powder contains natural cow colostrum.

- A quality product from New Zealand that
* 100% natural
* Free hormones/drugs/antibiotics/preservatives and chemicals

* Contains Immunoglobulin (Ig)
* Provide balance nutrition

"Naco IgG-Plus acts as a natural antibody supplier and it is the best sources for a healthy life"

Direction of usage

1-2 sachets a day

Directions of mix

Dissolve a sachet of Nace IgG-Plus into warm water (below 50'C) and mix well. Do not use hot water.

Halal Certificate

The Indonesians

Ages after the Negritos arrived in the country,another group of Asiatic people came over. These were the seafaring Indonesians who sailed on boats to the Philippines from lands farther west in Southeast Asia. They belong to the Mongoloid race with some Caucasoid features. Unlike the Negritos, they are tall, their height ranging from five and a half feet to six two inches.

They reached the Philippines in two main waves of migration, the first coming about 3,000 years ago. The Indonesians who came in the first migratory wave were called Indonesian Type A. They were tall and slender, with relatively light complexion, thin lips and face, a high aquiline nose, a broad and high forehead, and deep-set eyes. The Indonesians who arrived in the Philippines in a second wave were called Indonesian Type B and were shorter in height and bulkier in body, with darker complexion, thick lips, large round eyes, thick-set jaws, and large rectangular faces.

The culture of the Indonesians was far more and advanced than that of the Negritos. It can be described as belonging to the New Stone Age (Neolithic). The Indonesians lived in houses with pyramidal roofs of grass and wooden frames built above the ground or up in trees for protection. They lived by hunting , fishing, and trapping; they practice a type of dry agriculture known as the kaingin system. They raise upland rice, taro(gabi), millet, yam,(tugui), and similar food crops. They clothed themselves with beaten bark,often decorated wiht fine printed design. Their tools consisted of the polished stone axe, adze, and chisel. They used bows and arrows, spears, shields, and blowguns in hunting and fighting. They had one domesticated animals---the dog.

The Negritos

According to Dr. H. Beyer, an authority in Philippine prehistory and anthropology, there was no planned and organized waves of migration in the Philippines. Though like this, it was still certain that ancient men, in different periods, came and settled in the Philippines as early as 22 thousand years ago.

It was said that the Negritos are the earliest known inhabitants of the Philippines who reached the country from the Asian mainland by the way of the ancient land bridges. Their descendants---called Negritos, Agtas, Aetas, Atis, or Balugas---still exist. It is believe that they came to the Philippines through Palawan and Mindoro, with Borneo as their most probable land of origin. Anthropologists have identified them as being proto--Malays, with dark skin, small flat noses, black kinky hair, small hands and feet, and well-proportion bodies.

The Philippine Pygmies---or Negritos---have the Primitive of the Old Stone Age. They do not live in permanent homes, have no organized government, and have no system of writing. They live by hunting animals in the forest, by fishing, and by gathering greens and wild fruit. They use the bow and arrow and the blowgun with great skill, both as weapons and for hunting. Their clothes are made of leaves and the bark of trees, and their shelters are made of grass and branches of trees. They, however, have their own folktales, legends, songs, dance, and musical instruments. They cook their food with fire, which---before matches arrived-- they produced by rubbing two sticks together.

The Earliest Settlers

The Ice Age theory holds that in earlier ages, the water surrounding the Philippines were below their present level. Many Islands now under the sea were then above water. These exposed bodies of land, serving as land bridges, once connected the Philippines with mainland

Asia. Over these land bridges, ancient men and some migratory plants and animals reached the Philippines . These primitive people lived in caves, were naked or scantily clothed, and subsisted on wild plants and animals and raw food. They were heavily muscled and thick-haired. They used crude tools and weapons of unpolished stones similar to those found in Asia, in Europe, and in Africa during the Old Stone Age (Paleolithic).

As time went on, these early people, with the large mammals which came with them, apparently disappeared. Their fossils remains and crude stone implements have been found in certain archaeological sites throughout the Philippines, notably in the Cagayan Valley, in Pangasinan, in Novaliches just North of Manila, in Calatagan in Batangas, on Panay Island, and Davao. Skeletal remains of human were found in Tabon Cave in Southern Palawan in 1962; from these it is evident that ancient men live in the Philippines as early as 50,000 years ago.

Origin of the Philippines

There are several theories explaining the beginning of the Philippines archipelago, but none of these is sure to true. According to archeologist's and geologists, the most possible scientific explanations for our country's origin are the following:

1. The Philippines is a remnant of a lost continent in the Pacific Ocean called MU or Lemuria, the other remnants of which are Marianas and other mid-Pacific Islands, and Borneo, Java, Sumatra, and Celebes.

2. The Pacific or Magmatic theory which says that the Philippines came into existence after the eruptions of volcanoes beneath the ocean and the piling up of what they threw out. This theory adds that the rocks, which include the cores of our mountain systems of today, are similar to the rocks found beneath the ocean.

3.The Asiatic theory, which states that the Philippines was once a part of continental Asia. At the end of the last Ice Age when the entire world was covered with Ice, the ice melted, causing the seal level to rise and submerge the rest of the earth, including the land bridges that had connected the Philippines to the Asian main land.. The similarity between Philippine plants and animals with those in Asia strongly supports this theory. The Benguet pine is the same variety of pine tree as that growing in the Himalayan Mountains between China and India. In addition, this theory states that the Philippine mountain ranges follow the coastline of Asia of which they were once a part.

History and the other Disciplines

History as a discipline has no precise and definite boundaries. It shares many points of common interest with other social disciplines, some of which are the following:

1. Political Science---The relation between the political scientists and the historian is obvious in the observation that'' politics presents history and history includes politics''. The political scientist, more often than never, adopts a historical approach and employs knowledge of the past when he needs to interpret present a provable scenarios and developments in political phenomena.

2. Economics---------History and economics are jointly concerned with the fact that economic conditions affect the organization, development, and activities of a state. Historians regularly adopt an economic approach when seeking to interpret such matters as financial policies and government regulation of business.

3. Geography---------The use of geography helps the historian to explain historical phenomena such as the influence of certain physical factors upon political and social development of a nation.

4. Sociology and Anthropology---The study of history embraces the study of sociology and anthropology. Since history is deeply concerned with the origins and nature of social control and governmental authority and with the abiding influences of race and culture upon society, historians should seek the help of available sociological data.

5. Philosophy---------Concepts and doctrines about the state of universal thinkers are important to the historian. These concepts are the underlying forces in the framing of constitutions and laws. The historian considers branch of philosophy, called ethics, when the analyzes the moral background of proposed changes in social legislation.

6. Psychology---------The historian as well as the psychologist promotes studies of mental and emotional processes motivation the political behavior of individuals and groups. One of the many topics which the historian handles from a psychological approach is that of public opinion, pressure groups, and propaganda.

National seal

The Great Seal of the Republic of the Philippines. This seal was approved by Commonwealth
Act no. 731, congress of the Philippines, on July 3, 1946. It was designed by Galo B. Ocampo. It embodies three historical symbols. The sun occupies the point of honor in the center of the escutcheon. The three stars represent Luzon, Visayas, Mindanao and occupy the shield. On the left side, on a field of blue, is a bald-headed eagle, and on the right side, on the field of red, is a lion.
National Hero: Jose Rizal. He wrote two novels in Spanish---Noli me Tangere and El Filibusterismo---both containing his ideas of liberty and advocating social and political reforms. These novels and his poems and essays sparked patriotism and love of native land.

National Day: June 12 (Independence Day). This marks the proclamation of Philippine independence from Spanish rule.

National Tree: Narra. This tree stands majestically, its crown adorned with golden flowers and its massive trunk covered with a grayish bark. The tree is a valuable source of medicine and dye. It is one of the world's best hardwoods.

National Costume: Barong Tagalog and Baro't Saya. For me the Barong Tagalog is a long-sleeved shirt made of peña or jusi cloth with elegant hand embroidery. For the woman, the baro't saya is a two-piece attire. The baro is a blouse with butterfly sleeves, and the saya is generally long skirt. It maybe worn in the style of Maria Clara, a balintawak, a patadyong, or a terno for formal occasion.

Appearance to the disciples

Jn 20:19-23

On the evening of that first day of the week, when the doors were locked, where the disciples were, for fear of the Jews, Jesus came and stood in their midst and said to them, "Peace be with you." When he had said this, he showed them his hands and his side. The disciples rejoiced when they saw the Lord. [Jesus] said to them again,"Peace be with you. As the Father has sent me, so I send you." And when he had said this, he breathed on them and said to them, "Receive the Holy Spirit. Whose sins you forgive them, and whose sins you retain are retained."

ORIGINALLY, PENTECOST was a Jewish feast called Shavuot or the Feast of Weeks. A week of weeks is forty-nine days, but if you count both ends (as the Semites did), it comes to fifty. It was celebrated on the fiftieth day after the Feast of Harvest or the Feast of the First-Fruits. It was a major feast and very popular one on which Jews came to Jerusalem from all over the world to celebrate.

The awesome story of the first Christian Pentecost, fifty days after Jesus' resurrection, is told in today's reading from the Acts of the Apostles. Luke, its author , initiates this new creation in the same way which he tends to highlight important events like the birth of Mary's child (2:6) and Jesus' resolute determination to go to Jerusalem to fulfill his mission and die (9:51). He now introduces the dawning of the age of the Holy Spirit as the dominant reality in the life of humankind.In Hebrew, Greek, and Latin, the word for "spirit" is the same as the word for "breath" and for "life".

As symbols of the coming of the Holy Spirit, Luke uses a driving wind, sound, fire, and tongues (Acts 2:2, 3). These symbols wouldn't have been strange to Jews who knew their Scriptures. The Spirit of God blew over the waters at creation and rushed upon David on the occasion of his anointing as king (1 Sm 16:13). And God appeared frequently in the Jewish Scriptures in the from of fire, the best symbol to the Jews of the brightness and intensity of the activity of God - as, for example, God appearing to moses in a burning bush and on Mt. Sinai in the form of lightning.

The familiar symbol of tongues is easily grasped as communicating a heavenly gift. Tongues of fire came to rest on each one of the apostles (Acts 2:4), to the activity of the Holy Spirit. The Phenomenon of the people from many nations understanding the Apostles is the counter type of the confusion of the tongues at the Tower of Babel (Gn 11).

The activity of the Spirit is the subject matter of the rest of the Acts of the Apostles. The Spirit instructs the early missioners, is the driving force in proclaiming the message of salvation, is responsible for conversions to the new faith, gives strength in persecution, is the inspiration for Paul's journeys, and is responsible for the inclusion of non-Jews in the early Church. And all of God's saving activity until the end of time is due to the loving action of the Holy Spirit.

But perhaps the greatest marvel was the fact that weak, timid, and shallow men were changed into bold and wise men who would reach the ends of the earth to proclaim Jesus.

Happy Mother's Day

Hi, guyz,

Hi, to all my online friends. Don't Forget To Wish The Moms in Your Life "Happy Mother's Day"


Myspace Mothers Day Graphics


Myspace Mothers Day Graphics

National Anthem

The Philippine National Anthem was composed by Julian Felipe, music teacher and composer.
He completed it o0n June 11, 1898. It was first played in public before a group of Filipino revolutionaries, including General Emilio Aguinaldo, by the brass band of San Francisco De Malabon during the declamation of Philippine independence in Kawit, Cavite on June 12, 1898. Philippine independence was granted by the United States of America on July 4, 1946, and subsequently, by an executive order, Former President Diosdado Macapagal change independence Day to June 12, the independence Day proclaimed after the Spanish rule.

The Anthem was wordless for over a year. In August 1899, however, Jose Palma, a young poet-soldier, wrote ''Filipinas'' in Spanish. It was first published in La Independence on September 3, 1899, and became the lyrics of the Philippine national anthem.

National Distinctions

The Republic of the Philippines has the following national symbols:

National Emblem: This is the Philippine flag
It expresses the Filipino Sentiments for freedom, equality and justice.
This flag consists of a white equilateral triangle at the left containing a sun with 8 rays in the center, a five pointed star in each corner of the triangle, an upper stripped of blue, and a lower stripe of red. The white equilateral triangle stands for equality among the people, the upper blue stripe stands for peace, truth, and justice, and the lower red stripe stands for patriotism and valor.
The sun in the triangle represents liberty, and its 8 rays stands for the first 8 provinces that rose in revoltagainst Spain. The three stars symbolize the three main geographical divisions of the country--Luzon, the Visayas and Mindanao.

Regions

Region lV---Southern Tagalog

Provinces: Batangas, Aurora, Cavite, Laguna, Marinduque, Oriental Mindoro, Palawan, Quezon, Rizal, and Romblon.

(The National Capital Region, of which Metro Manila is a part is classified as Region 1v-A).

Cities: Batangas, Caloocan, Cavite, Lipa, Lucena, Manila, Pasay, Puerto Prinsesa, Quezon City, San Pablo, Tagaytay, and Trece Martires
Regional Center: Manila

Region V---The Bicol Region
Provinces: Albay, Camarines Norte, Camarines Sur, Catanduanes, Masbate, and Sorsogon.
Cities; Iriga, Legaspi, Naga,
Regional Center: Legaspi City

Region Vl---Western Visayas
Provinces: Aklan, Antique, Capiz, Guimaras( subprovince), Iloilo, Negros Occidental
Cities: Bacolod, Bago, Cadiz, Iloilo, La Carlota, Roxas, San Carlos, Silay
Regional Center: Iloilo City

Region Vll---Central Visayas
Provinces: Bohol, Cebu, Negros Orriental, Siquijor
Cities: Bais, Canlaon, Cebu, Danao, Dumaguete, Lapu-lapu, Mandawe, Tagbilaran, Toledo
Regional Center: Cebu City

Region Vlll---Eastern Visayas
Provinces: Eastern Samar, Leyte, Western Samar,
Cities: Calbayog, Ormoc, Tacloban
Regional CenterTacloban City

Region lX---Western Mindanao and Sulu
Provinces: Sulu, Zamboanga del Norte, Zamboanga del Sur, Tawi-tawi, and Basilan
Cities: Basilan, Dapitan, Dipolog, Pagadian
Regional Center: Zamboanga City

Region X---Northern Mindanao
Provinces: Agusan del Sur, Agusan del Norte, Bukidnon, Camiguin, Misamis Occidental, Misamis Orriental, , Surigao del Norte,
Cities: Butuan, Cagayan de Oro, Ginoog, Oroquieta, Ozamis, Tangub
Regional Center: Cagayan de Oro City

Region Xl---Southern Mindanao
Provinces: Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur, Davao Davao Orriental, Surigao del Sur
Cities: Davao, General Santos
Regional Center: Davao City

Region Xll---Central Mindanao
Provinces: Lanao del Norte, Lanao del Sur, Maguindanao, Cotabato, sultan Kudarat, South Cotabato
Cities: Iligan, Marawi, Koronadal
Regional Center: Koronadal

Message of thanks and Greatfulness

Hi, to all my friends online and to all have concerns of my situation about my missing Nephew. I want to thanks you all with a greatfulness to have people around me that are truly concern of what happening to every one of us. I want you all to know that maybe for all your prayers for the safe of my nephew God was grant us. He is back yesterday at 8:00 p.m in the evening.

When he's not around I feel very angry i said to myself that when he's back i will confront him angrily, this morning I hurriedly call him, but when we talk no words comes out in my mouth. I only ask him why he left for a long couple of hours without calling his parents just to say hi, or hello here I am and so on and so for,while he answer me i feel something that he hide the truth why? I feel sad about the matter I smell there is something complicated, what I say to him is just don't do it again.

I can't even speak something, even told him that even there is or are something that brought him to scape the matter is that you are doing not really good. Think about your love ones that you left that are thinking of you, not even sleeping because of the worried that scariest our feelings.

No I can really speak everything because i really smell that there are things that are complicated. And this afternoon I go there to talk my Nephew about it. I call him again but he's not around. Hayyy ... children's now are very different compare to our old days.

MY Nephew is missing

Oh my God its already 2 days and 2 nights my nephew was missing. God hope his alive and nobody harm him.

Last night my sister call me on phone and ask if his son is in our house ? I said he does not here, and my sister cry and told me that his son left at home last Friday afternoon and ask her permission to went out and submit his application to the work that he apply. But until that moment he's not back home .And now here they are in my house (my sister and his hubby)ask for a help)Co'z until now my nephew was still not here. We're discussing about the matter I don't know what to do. God am so afraid now of what happening of him.

My nephew is a full scholar of PUP Sta. mesa school. And a Valedictorian of San Juan High School. Oh M y God , God, God, .

New Domain Name

Hello Guys !, and to all of my online friends. Madel bought me a new domain name in my 2 blogs last night. (Thanks to Madel my dearest friend). My http://Rosabelmoreno.blogspot.com change to http://www.rosemoreno.com and my other blog http://thatalbert.blogspot.com was also change to http://www.sabelmoreno.com

Can I have your favor, if you have my link to your website or blog kindly please change the URL of my blog.

I'll appreciate it and thanks a lot to this effort you will do for me. Let me know when you change it. And to those who not link me wanna exchange links too? Let me know.....

Classification

The three main goals of the classification
1. to establish a functional basis for planning and management at the regional level,

2. to ensure regional equality in terms of the regional living conditions of the people and

3. to improve the efficiency of government agencies by concentrating on existing regional branches in the various areas and by creating new regional offices where these are needed.

In determining the regional centers, three things were taken into account:

1. the degree of urbanization.

2. the economic and servicing capacities and links to the national capital and to the other regions of the country and

3.strategic and convenient location along land and water transportation routes.

Base on this criteria, the following regions were established by the Reorganization Plan after it became a law through Presidential decree no. 742.